El oleaje en las costas mexicanas: parámetros clave y estimación de su potencial energético

Abstract

This study aimed to estimate the wave energy potential along the Mexican coastline through the application of a simplified physical model based on fundamental wave parameters. A systematic review of scientific literature was conducted, and national and international oceanographic databases were characterized, focusing on significant wave height, period, depth, and frequency. The estimation was carried out using data from thirty-three coastal monitoring stations distributed across the country, applying a theoretical formulation for wave energy in deep water. The results indicate that the highest energy potential is concentrated along the Pacific coast, where twelve stations exceeded the threshold of thirty kilowatts per meter, considered the minimum for efficient operation of wave energy converters. Key locations include Lázaro Cárdenas, Isla de Cedros, Cabo San Lucas, and Progreso. Significant variations were also identified within individual coastal regions, underscoring the need for localized resource assessments. Additionally, spatial distribution maps of wave energy were generated, enabling the identification of priority areas for further study. The findings suggest that wave energy in Mexico holds substantial potential, although its utilization requires technological development of devices adapted to the specific conditions of the national marine environment.